How & How NOT to Do Economics

What is economics for? What is it about? How should it be done? How can it be of use to us? How is it connected to morals and politics?

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From the collections Education, Learn Economics at Home

These are the core questions economic historian Lord Robert Skidelsky will answer in this new lecture series for INET. Expanding an understanding of economics beyond mathematical models, Skidelsky covers topics essential to using economics to better understand the world, such as economics and history, the role of psychology and sociology in economics, and the role of methodology.


Lecture 1: What Is Economics About?

Why did economists largely fail to predict the 2008-09 financial crisis? In the first lecture in his INET series, “How & How NOT to Do Economics,” Robert Skidelsky looks at a neglected cause: methodology. The way economists build their models determines the answers they give to practical questions.


Lecture 2: Unlimited Wants, Limited Resources

Lionel Robbins defined economics as: “the science which studies behaviour as a relationship between unlimited wants and limited resources which have alternative uses.”

How do we understand this tension between unlimited wants and limited resources? That’s what Robert Skidelsky examines in this second lecture of his INET series, “How & How NOT to Do Economics.”


Lecture 3: Economic Growth

One of the central subjects of economics is wealth. But there is not just one narrative of economic growth, but a multitude. In this third lecture in the INET series “How & How NOT to Do Economics,” Robert Skidelsky looks at three stories of development: neoclassical, structuralist, and Marxist.


Lecture 4: Is Economics a Science?

Most economists think of economics as a science. But are they right? If so, what kind of science is it? You can put on the uniform of a policeman, but does that make you a policeman?

These, and more questions, are answered in this fourth lecture in INET’s “How & How NOT to Do Economics, with Robert Skidelsky.”


Lecture 5: Models and Laws

How do economists seek to establish their so-called laws? What is the scientific status of such laws? Are they always valid or merely useful rules-of-thumb?

These, and more questions, are answered in this fifth lecture in INET’s “How & How NOT to Do Economics, with Robert Skidelsky.”


Lecture 6: Psychology and Economics

To the non-economist the most striking fact about economics is the crudeness of its psychology. That’s because, for the economist, homo sapiens is homo economicus, or the human robot.

In this sixth lecture in INET’s “How & How NOT to Do Economics,” Robert Skidelsky looks at economics’ relationship with psychology.


Lecture 7: How Can Sociology Help Economics?

In economics the key behavioral idea is individual self-interest. In sociology it is the social “norm.” The first abstracts from society. The second presupposes it.

In this seventh lecture in INET’s “How & How NOT to Do Economics,” Robert Skidelsky looks at economics’ relationship with sociology.


Lecture 8: Economics and Power

Where—if anywhere—is power is located in economic life? How economists do deal with it? And to what extent is economics itself part of the power structure?

In this eighth lecture in INET’s “How & How NOT to Do Economics,” Robert Skidelsky looks at economics’ relationship with power.


Lecture 9: History of Economic Thought

The main reason for studying the history of economic thought—says Robert Skidelsky in this ninth lecture in INET’s “How & How NOT to Do Economics”—is to question the claim that economic knowledge is cumulative. Mainstream economics assumes that all useful economic knowledge from the past is incorporated in present theories. However, the substance and methods of economics have been interminably disputed ever since the start of the “science.”


Lecture 10: Economic History

In this tenth lecture in INET’s “How & How NOT to Do Economics,” Robert Skidelsky argues that there are two main reasons why economists should study history. The first is to make history better. The second is to make economics better. If history is the study of the particular, and economics of the general, the value of history to economics is to enable them to make their generalizations more concrete and admit their limits.


Lecture 11: Ethics and Economics

In 1983 University of Chicago economist George Stigler proclaimed “The economist doesn’t need ethics; only arithmetic. His task is to clear up social mistakes.” In this eleventh and final lecture in INET’s “How & How NOT to Do Economics,” Robert Skidelsky takes a different view of ethics’ place in economics


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After Class

The HET Website has created a supporting page of resources for those who wish to dig deeper into the references Professor Skidelsky makes in the lectures. From economist profiles, to schools of thought, and even complete written works, there’s something for everyone!

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Student Discussions

Join the students as they discuss and debate key topics from the series.

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Special Thanks

INET sincerely thanks the Julis-Rabinowitz Family for their generous support, who named this series to honor the spirit of a great educator and economic thinker, Uwe Reinhardt.

For nearly 50 years, the late Uwe Reinhardt was a beloved economist and professor at Princeton University. Known best for helping to shape critical discourse around healthcare markets, his biting wit and intellect challenged students, colleagues, and policymakers alike to follow the data and to check all assumptions at the door.

INET also thanks Rethinking Economics for their voices and contributions, and Econ Films for production.

Professor Skidelsky

Robert Skidelsky is emeritus professor of political economy at Warwick University. His three-volume biography of John Maynard Keynes (1983,1992, 2000) won five prizes and his book on the financial crisis – Keynes: The Return of the Master – was published in September 2010. He was made a member of the House of Lords in 1991 (he sits on the cross-benches) and elected a fellow of the British Academy in 1994. How Much is Enough? The Love of Money and the Case for the Good Life, co-written with his son Edward, was published in July 2012.

He is also the author of Britain in the 20th Century: A Success? (Vintage, 2014), editor of The Essential Keynes (Penguin Classics, 2015), co-editor of Who Runs the Economy? (Palgrave, 2016), co-editor of Austerity Vs Stimulus (Palgrave, 2017), and author of Money and Government (Allen Lane, 2018). He is now working on a book about automation and the future of work.

He has recently written and filmed a series of lectures on the History and Philosophy of Economics which will be made available as an open online course in partnership with the Institute for New Economics Thinking.

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